氏名
木下尚樹（キノシタナオキ）
学位
博士（工学）（東京大学）
J-Global ID
200901045258570180
研究キーワード
岩盤工学 岩盤力学 岩盤空洞 熱水貯蔵システム 透水性 岩石不連続面 熱物性 強度・変形特
研究分野
環境・農学 / 環境材料、リサイクル技術
社会基盤（土木・建築・防災） / 防災工学 / 地盤災害，斜面災害
社会基盤（土木・建築・防災） / 地盤工学 / 岩盤工学
エネルギー / 地球資源工学、エネルギー学 / 岩盤工学
経歴
2019年04月 - 現在 愛媛大学大学院理工学研究科准教授
2015年03月 - 2019年03月 愛媛大学大学院理工学研究科講師
2007年04月 - 2015年02月 愛媛大学大学院理工学研究科助教
1994年04月 - 2007年03月 愛媛大学工学部環境建設工学科助手
学歴
1988年04月 - 1990年03月 愛媛大学 大学院工学研究科 土木工学専攻
1984年04月 - 1988年03月 愛媛大学 工学部 土木工学科
所属学会
日本トンネル技術協会 日本技術士会 地盤工学会 岩の力学連合会 日本材料学会 資源・素材学会 土木学会
論文
Predictions of Rock Temperature Evolution at the Lahendong Geothermal Field by Coupled Numerical Model with Discrete Fracture Model Scheme
Muhammad Qarinur, Sho Ogata, Naoki Kinoshita, Hideaki Yasuhara
Energies 13 12 3282 - 3282 2020年06月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The comprehensive exploitation of geothermal fields has an impact on the productivity of the reservoirs. To realize sustainable steam production, changes in the rock temperature need to be predicted and controlled. A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model employing COMSOL Multiphysics was proposed to study the characteristics of heat transfer, fluid flow, and solid deformation at the Lahendong geothermal field, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The numerical results were compared with analytical and measured data in order to validate the numerical simulation. Based on the results, the predicted temperatures of the production wells showed significant decrease with the production time. In addition, a reduction in the reservoir temperature leads to lower specific gross electrical power within the production well, which should significantly reduce the sustainability of the power plant.
Coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical modeling for permeability evolution of rocks through fracture generation and subsequent sealing
Sho Ogata, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Kiyoshi Kishida
Computational Geosciences 2020年04月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
鉱物分布を考慮したき裂発生・進展解析による圧裂引張試験時の花崗岩の破壊挙動評価
伊澤正吾, 緒方奨, 安原英明, 木下尚樹, 岸田潔
材料 69 3 236 - 242 2020年03月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Improving Shear Strength Parameters of Sandy Soil using Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation Technique
Putra, H, Yasuhara, H, Kinoshita, N, Erizal, Sudibyo, T
Journal of Civil Engineering Science and Application, Civil Eng. Dimension 20 91 - 95 2018年09月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Modeling of coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical processes for predicting the evolution in permeability and reactive transport behavior within single rock fractures
Sho Ogata, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Dae-Sung Cheon, Kiyoshi Kishida
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 107 271 - 281 2018年07月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
A multi-physics numerical model was developed to predict the fluid flow and mass transport behavior of rock fractures under coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) conditions. In particular, the model was employed for the purpose of describing the evolution of permeability and reactive transport behavior within rock fractures by taking into account the geochemical processes of the free-face dissolution and the pressure dissolution. In order to examine the capability of the developed model, the model was applied to replicate the experimental measurements of the evolution in hydraulic aperture, permeability, and element concentrations obtained from two flow-through experiments using single granite and mudstone fractures. The model predictions for the granite experiment were able to follow the actual data for the evolution in hydraulic aperture and effluent element concentrations without adopting any fitting parameters that are often used in other THMC coupled models obtained from literature. Furthermore, the model succeeded in replicating the actual changes in fracture permeability and effluent element concentrations within the mudstone fracture. Although some uncertain mismatches between the experiments and the model predictions, such as changes in the concentrations of several elements (i.e., Na and K concentrations in the granite fracture and Al in the mudstone fracture) were remaining at this stage, the developed model should be valid for evaluating the evolution in the fluid flow and mass transport behavior within rock fractures induced by mineral dissolution under stress- and temperature-controlled conditions.
Applicability of natural zeolite for NH-forms removal in enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation technique
Heriansyah Putra, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita
Geosciences (Switzerland) 7 3 2017年09月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
This study evaluated the applicability of natural zeolite for the removal of the NH-forms in the enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation technique. The natural zeolite of mordenite was added to prepared grouting solutions composed of urea and urease and mixed thoroughly using a rotation table for the mixing times of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 h. Then, the concentrations of evolving NH-forms in the solutions were measured. The effects of the presence of zeolite on the amount and the mineralogical substance of the precipitated minerals were also evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Sand samples were treated with the grouting solutions containing zeolite, and the improvement in strength was assessed. It was found that utilizing zeolite in grouting solutions can reduce the concentration of NH-forms. A significant reduction in the concentration of NH-forms was obtained. The addition of 10 g natural zeolite/L solution, combined with the 2-h mixing time, resulted in removal efficiencies of 75% and 45% in reagent concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mol/L, respectively. Mechanical test results showed that the grouting solutions also brought about a significant improvement in the soil strength. A precipitated material, comprising 9% of the sand mass, was produced by three pore volume (PV) injections of the grouting materials, which showed an unconfined compressive strength of 300 kPa.
製紙スラッジ焼却灰を利用した低炭素コンクリートの性能評価
木下 尚樹, 氏家 勲, 河合 慶有, 川口 隆, 安原 英明, 長江 俊勝
Journal of MMIJ 133 6 132 - 139 2017年06月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Application of magnesium to improve uniform distribution of precipitated minerals in 1-m column specimens
Heriansyah Putra, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Akira Hirata
GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 12 5 803 - 813 2017年05月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
This study discussed the possible optimization of enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation (EMCP) as a soil-improvement technique. Magnesium chloride was added to the injection solution to delay the reaction rate and to improve the homogenous distribution of precipitated minerals within soil sample. Soil specimens were prepared in 1m PVC cylinders and treated with the obtained solutions composed of urease, urea, calcium, and magnesium chloride, and the mineral distribution within the sand specimens was examined. The effects of the precipitated minerals on the mechanical and hydraulic properties were evaluated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and permeability tests, respectively. The addition of magnesium was found to be effective in delaying the reaction rate by more than one hour. The uniform distribution of the precipitated minerals within a 1-m sand column was obtained when 0.1 mol/L and 0.4 mol/L of magnesium and calcium, respectively, were injected. The strength increased gradually as the mineral content was further increased. The permeability test results showed that the hydraulic conductivity was approximately constant in the presence of a 6% mineral mass. Thus, it was revealed that it is possible to control the strength of treated sand by adjusting the amount of precipitated minerals.
温度・拘束圧・持続載荷期間に依存する堆積岩不連続面の変形・透水特性
木下尚樹, 安原英明
Journal of MMIJ 133 3 53 - 57 2017年03月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
動的シミュレーションによる高エネルギー吸収型落石防護網の性能評価
木下尚樹, 安原英明, 矢田部龍一, 加賀山肇
Journal of MMIJ 133 3 45 - 52 2017年03月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Optimization of Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation as a Soil-Improvement Technique: The Effect of Aragonite and Gypsum on the Mechanical Properties of Treated Sand
Heriansyah Putra, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Akira Hirata
CRYSTALS 7 2 2017年02月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The effectiveness of magnesium as a substitute material in enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation was evaluated. Magnesium sulfate was added to the injecting solution composed of urea, urease, and calcium chloride. The effect of the substitution on the amount of precipitated materials was evaluated through precipitation tests. X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted to examine the mineralogical morphology of the precipitated minerals and to determine the effect of magnesium on the composition of the precipitated materials. In addition to calcite, aragonite and gypsum were formed as the precipitated materials. The effect of the presence of aragonite and gypsum, in addition to calcite, as a soil-improvement technique was evaluated through unconfined compressive strength tests. Soil specimens were prepared in polyvinyl chloride cylinders and treated with concentration-controlled solutions, which produced calcite, aragonite, and gypsum. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the low and high concentrations of magnesium sulfate effectively promoted the formation of aragonite and gypsum, respectively. The injecting solutions which produced aragonite and calcite brought about a significant improvement in soil strength. The presence of the precipitated materials, comprising 10% of the soil mass within a treated sand, generated a strength of 0.6 MPa.
Optimum condition for the application of enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation technique as soil improvement method
Heriansyah Putra, Heriansyah Putra, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita
International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 7 2145 - 2151 2017年01月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The optimum condition of enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation has been evaluated for its possible application as a soil improvement technique. Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) were substituted to the grouting solution composed of urease, urea, and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and its effects on the precipitation process, amount, and the mineralogical substances of the precipitated materials were investigated. The evolution of the strength of treated sand was also evaluated through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The substitution of magnesium compounds was found to be able to augment the precipitated amount and reduce the hydrolysis rate of urea. The mineralogical analysis indicated that the addition of magnesium to the grouting solution was a potential method for promoting the formation of aragonite. Furthermore, the formation of gypsum was also promoted when magnesium sulfate was substituted. The mechanical analysis showed that the producing of the high precipitated amount resulted in the significant improvement in the strength of the treated sand. The relation between the UCS of the treated soil and the precipitated mass indicated that the strength could be controlled by the precipitated mass within the soil.
Evolution of mechanical and hydraulic properties in sandstone induced by simulated mineral trapping of CO2 geo-sequestration
Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Dae Sung Lee, Junhyung Choi, Kiyoshi Kishida
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL 56 155 - 164 2017年01月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
CO2 geological storage has been studied as a countermeasure against global warming. When the injected CO2 reacts with rock minerals, some portion of it may ultimately precipitate to carbonate minerals, such as calcite, and become trapped within the injected reservoir. Although it is of significant importance to examine how the trapped minerals exert an influence on the mechanical, hydraulic, and transport properties of the targeted reservoir rocks, because the minerals may affect the integrity of these rocks, such works are quite sparse in the literature. In this study, the influence of mineral trapping on the evolution of the physical properties was evaluated by replicating the precipitation of calcite that may occur in the mineral-trapping process. The calcite precipitation was enhanced artificially to occur within the void spaces of Berea sandstone. Subsequently, the treated samples were examined through mechanical and permeability experiments. The experimental results revealed that an approximately 10% substitution of the void spaces by the precipitated calcite increased the elastic modulus twofold and the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) by 20%, and decreased the permeability by one order of magnitude. A cementation theory revealed the process of the calcite precipitation occurring on the free-surface of grains. Predictions of the permeability, using the Kozeny-Carman equation, suggest that variations in permeability imply an increase in surface roughness of the composed grains due to calcite precipitation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical modeling by incorporating pressure solution for estimating the evolution of rock permeability
Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Sho Ogata, Dae-Sung Cheon, Kiyoshi Kishida
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES 86 104 - 114 2016年07月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
A coupled THMC numerical model has been developed to examine the long-term change in permeability of the porous sedimentary rocks that are assumed to be composed purely of quartz. Specifically, the chemo-mechanical process of the pressure solution was incorporated into the model. The developed model was validated by replicating the existing experimental measurements of the porosity reduction and the evolving silica concentration. Subsequently, by simulating the burial of high-level radioactive wastes in the deep subsurface, namely, by applying the simulated confining pressure and temperature conditions, the long-term evolution of the rock permeability was predicted. The model predictions clearly showed a significant influence of the pressure dissolution on the change in permeability with time. The predicted permeability of the rocks close to the wastes decreased by one order of magnitude in 10(4) years when considering the pressure dissolution, while the permeability changed little during the same period when the pressure dissolution was not considered. This reduction should delay the dispersion of the radioactive materials dissolved in the groundwater. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of magnesium as substitute material in enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation for soil-improvement technique
Heriansyah Putra, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Debendra Neupane, Chih-Wei Lu
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 4 MAY 37 2016年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The optimization of enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation was evaluated as a soil-improvement technique. In our previous works, purified urease was utilized to bio-catalyze the hydrolysis of urea, which causes the supplied Ca2+ to precipitate with CO3 2- as calcium carbonate. In the present work, magnesium chloride was newly added to the injecting solutions to delay the reaction rate and to enhance the amount of carbonate precipitation. Soil specimens were prepared in PVC cylinders and treated with concentration-controlled solutions composed of urea, urease, calcium, and magnesium chloride. The mechanical properties of the treated soil specimens were examined through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. A precipitation ratio of the carbonate up to 90% of the maximum theoretical precipitation was achieved by adding a small amount of magnesium chloride. Adding magnesium chloride as a delaying agent was indeed found to reduce the reaction rate of the precipitation, which may increase the volume of the treated soil if used in real fields because of the slower precipitation rate and the resulting higher injectivity. A mineralogical analysis revealed that magnesium chloride decreases the crystal size of the precipitated materials and that another carbonate of aragonite is newly formed. Mechanical test results indicated that carbonate precipitates within the soils and brings about a significant improvement in strength. A maximum UCS of 0.6 MPa was obtained from the treated samples.
Distribution of grout material within 1-m sand column in insitu calcite precipitation technique
Debendra Neupane, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Heriansyah Putra
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS 55 6 1512 - 1518 2015年12月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
This study evaluates the potential of improving an insitu calcite grouting technique. The grout is composed of an equimolar solution of urea CaCl2 and an enzyme named urease. We examine the distribution of the grout materials and precipitated calcite within sand columns with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 100 cm. In the first series of experiments, the concentration distributions of the individual grout materials (i.e., urea, CaCl2 and urease) within the sand specimen are evaluated. In the second series of experiments, an enzyme-reagent mixed solution (i.e., grout) is injected into the sand columns to evaluate the distribution of calcite. Sand samples are collected from various vertical locations within the treated columns and the amount of precipitated calcite is evaluated. Furthermore, attempts are made to achieve the uniform distribution of the injected grout and hence uniform calcite distribution throughout the specimen. The results show that a uniform distribution of the grout materials up to a distance of 1 m from the inlet is achievable. It is also observed that a relatively uniform distribution of calcite is achievable as long as the rate of calcite precipitation is well controlled. (C) 2015 The Japanese Geotechnical Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
圧力溶解現象を考慮した数値解析モデルによる岩盤の長期透水特性評価
安原英明, 緒方奨, 木下尚樹, 岸田潔
土木学会論文集 C(地圏工学)(Web) 71 4 292 - 300 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2015年09月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
放射性廃棄物地層処分施設近傍の岩盤の水理学特性を詳細に把握することは，安全に処分事業を進めるうえで必要不可欠である．周辺岩盤には，掘削影響による応力場の変化，廃棄体からの放熱，地熱や地殻応力による地化学反応が複合的に絡みあい，各現象を統合的に評価する必要がある．本研究では，岩石構成粒子接触部における圧力溶解現象を考慮した熱・水・応力・化学連成解析モデルを開発し，放射性廃棄物地層処分施設の周辺岩盤の透水性の長期予察解析を行った．その結果，圧力溶解現象を考慮しない場合，周辺岩盤の透水性変化は確認されず，圧力溶解現象を考慮した場合は，時間の経過と共に透水性が最大1オーダー程度低下する傾向が得られた．
Long-term observation of permeability in sedimentary rocks under high-temperature and stress conditions and its interpretation mediated by microstructural investigations
Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Hiroaki Ohfuji, Manabu Takahashi, Kazumasa Ito, Kiyoshi Kishida
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 51 7 5425 - 5449 2015年07月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
In this study, a series of long-term, intermittent permeability experiments utilizing Berea sandstone and Horonobe mudstone samples, with and without a single artificial fracture, is conducted for more than 1000 days to examine the evolution of rock permeability under relatively high-temperature and confining pressure conditions. Effluent element concentrations are also measured throughout the experiments. Before and after flow-through experiments, rock samples are prepared for X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the mineralogical changes between pre and postexperimental samples, and also for microfocus X-ray CT to evaluate the alteration of the microstructure. Although there are exceptions, the observed, qualitative evolution of permeability is found to be generally consistent in both the intact and the fractured rock samplesthe permeability in the intact rock samples increases with time after experiencing no significant changes in permeability for the first several hundred days, while that in the fractured rock samples decreases with time. An evaluation of the Damkohler number and of the net dissolution, using the measured element concentrations, reveals that the increase in permeability can most likely be attributed to the relative dominance of the mineral dissolution in the pore spaces, while the decrease can most likely be attributed to the mineral dissolution/crushing at the propping asperities within the fracture. Taking supplemental observations by microfocus X-ray CT and using the intact sandstone samples, a slight increase in relatively large pore spaces is seen. This supports the increase in permeability observed in the flow-through experiments.
Dis ibution of mineralized carbonate and its quantification method in enzyme mediated calcite precipitation technique
Debendra Neupane, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Yuji Ando
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS 55 2 447 - 457 2015年04月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
This study discusses the possible application of enzyme mediated calcite precipitation, EMCP, as a soil-improvement technique. It explains the experimental works on this EMCP technique. The first part of this paper addresses the different methods for quantifying the amount of calcite precipitated within sand. Two methods, namely, the thermal decomposition method and the CO2 volume evaluation method, are examined. These methods serve to evaluate the calcite distribution within the treated sand. The second part of this paper explains the experimental procedures and the results of drum-can experiments. Homogenous sand specimens, with a diameter of 57 cm and a height of 60 cm, are prepared inside a steel drum-can. A grout solution, comprising urea, urease, and CaCl2, is injected into the centre of the sand specimens. Subsequently, the improved samples within the specimens are collected and their compressive strength is evaluated. The maximum measured unconfined compressive strength is 380 kPa. An attempt is made to relate the improved mechanical properties of EMCP-treated sand to the amount of mineralized carbonate. The obtained calcite-strength relation is found to be in close agreement with the relation obtained in previous literature. (C) 2015 The Japanese Geotechnical Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
CO2 地中貯留の鉱物トラップ再現実験による 砂岩の力学・透水特性評価
安原 英明, 柏木 亮太, 木下 尚樹, LEE Dae Sung, 岸田 潔
日本鑛業會誌 131 8 497 - 502 資源・素材学会 2015年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
CCS has been expected as a countermeasure against global warming in recent years. When the injected CO2 reacts to rock minerals, it may form secondary minerals such as calcite, which is called mineral trapping of CO2. It is of significant importance to examine how the mineral trapping exerts an influence on the physical properties in the targeted reservoir rocks because the trapped minerals may change the strength, deformability, and permeability of the reservoir rocks, although such works are quite sparse in literature. In this study, the influence of the mineral trapping on the evolution of physical properties has been evaluated by replicating precipitation of calcium carbonate that may occur in the mineral trapping. The results of mechanical and permeability experiments show that the change of the mechanical and hydraulic properties is significant even if the amount of calcite precipitation is relatively small.
生体触媒を活用した炭酸カルシウム結晶析出による地盤固化効果の検討
安原英明, NEUPANE Debendra, 木下尚樹, 林和幸, 海野寿康
土木学会論文集 C(地圏工学)(Web) 70 2 290-300 (J-STAGE) - 300 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2014年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
本研究では，生体触媒であるウレアーゼの尿素加水分解機能を利用した炭酸カルシウム結晶析出による地盤固化効果の検討を行った．まず，直径50mm，高さ100mmの円柱砂供試体に所定の濃度に調整したグラウト材を注入し，改良体の力学特性を評価した．その結果，炭酸カルシウム析出量の増加と共に強度が増加する正の相関が得られた．つぎに，より大型な砂地盤内にグラウト材を注入することにより，砂地盤の固化程度を評価するために，ドラム缶内に直径560mm，高さ600mmの砂層地盤を作製し，濃度調整したグラウト材の注入試験を実施した．その結果，概ね想定した領域を改良することができ，本手法の有用性を示すことができたが，改良体の強度制御が今後の課題であることが確認された．
熱環境下における岩石不連続面の透水特性に及ぼす化学・力学連成作用
木下 尚樹, 安原 英明, 橋本 克樹
Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 129 7 495 - 491 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 2013年07月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
In radioactive waste disposal, tunnel passing through the ground with high geothermal region, and hot water temporary storage system, the rock mass around the openings will be influenced by coupled chemo-mechanical behavior induced by high temperatures. Then, rock fractures may be hydraulic weakness on low-permeability rock mass. Therefore, the coupled behavior should be examined to evaluate hydraulic property of rock fractures. In this study, flow-through experiments on a single fracture in granite have been carried out under confining pressure and temperature conditions controlled. The fracture permeability monotonically decreased with time at room temperature, and reached a quasi-steady state. Then, after the temperature was raised to 90 ºC, the permeability decreased again throughout the rest of the experiments. The elemental concentrations in fluid samples taken from the outlet were evaluated by ICP-AES. The elemental concentrations increased with increase of temperature. Thus, this behavior should be attributed to coupled chemo-mechanical effects. Meanwhile, another suite of sustained loading experiments using the same granite has been conducted under controlled temperature, confining pressure and mineral dissolution conditions for the purpose of evaluating the deformation behavior of rock fractures. From the tests results, it is found that the difference in compression behavior of the fractures is very small for all the conditions. However, particularly, it is found that displacement of the fractured rock sample under the wet and high temperature conditions is larger than those under the other conditions. The reason for this may be due to microscopic failure and mineral dissolution at the asperity contact areas.
Finite element modelling and parametric analyses of a long-span pocket-type rockfall interceptive cable-net structure
Shanker Dhakal, Netra Prakash Bhandary, Ryuichi Yatabe, Naoki Kinoshita
Landslide Science and Practice: Risk Assessment, Management and Mitigation 6 597 - 606 2013年 [査読有り]
研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
The paper presents finite element (FE) modelling and simulation of a newly developed rockfall protective cable-net structure in Japan, named the Long-span Pocket-type Rocknet (LPR). A reference case LPR was taken and its element-level laboratory tests and structure-level full-scale field tests conducted in the past were utilized for the calibration and verification of the numerical model exercised on the platform of the code LS-DYNA. The ultimate goal of this research is to shade lights to the targeted design guideline of LPRs. Therefore, deliberately, a simplified (equivalent) but yet rigorous approach has been adopted without going into interface-level detailing. Moreover, a number of confusions unaddressed by the state-of-the-art literatures regarding the effects of the changes in various impact load characteristic-parameters resulting into the same specified kinetic energy have been investigated using the FE model. Furthermore, an investigation on the performance of the existing energy dissipator installed in LPR and the scope of its future modification is discussed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
Applicability of enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation as a soil-strengthening technique
Debendra Neupane, Hideaki Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Toshiyasu Unno
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139 12 2201 - 2211 2013年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
A grouting technique for enzymatic calcite precipitation is evaluated. Urea and calcium salt, at various concentrations, are mixed with a concentration-fixed enzyme to obtain the optimal precipitation of CaCO3. The optimally combined solution is injected into sand samples in small PVC cylinders. Then, the improvement in small-scale samples is observed. The combination, approved for small-scale tests, is further used for larger-scale tests. The porosity distribution within the soil is evaluated by sampling the treated sand at different locations. A precipitation ratio up to 80% can be obtained using a small amount of the enzyme. The results show that the in situ enzymatic CaCO3 precipitation technique may be feasible for use in larger-scale applications. A multiphysics simulator that considers the calcite precipitation reaction during the transport of the solution is adopted to predict the evolution of the porosity. The predicted porosities are compared with the measured porosities. The results show that the numerical predictions can replicate the actual changes in porosity relatively well and that the numerical model should be helpful in assuming these changes caused by the precipitated CaCO3 induced by the grouting technique examined in this work. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
製紙スラッジ焼却灰造粒材料を用いたモルタルのプレキャスト材料としての性能評価
木下尚樹, 川口隆, 松尾暁, 本田美紀, 安原英明
J MMIJ 128 12 611 - 619 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 2012年11月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The paper sludge which is generated during paper manufacturing processes is incinerated to reduce its volume, and then the paper sludge ash is produced. The greater part of the paper sludge ash has been disposed to landfills and an effective utilization of the paper sludge ash has not been promoted. From view point of the effective utilization of industrial wastes, the authors have proposed that the granulated materials made of the paper sludge ash are used for concrete aggregate and evaluated the applicability of paper sludge ash to concrete. The concrete using the granulated paper sludge ash is lighter, and its water absorption is much higher than those of ordinary concretes. The drying shrinkage strain is larger than that of ordinary concretes.
The lightweight precast materials used for such as forms have a merit of the cost reduction of transportation and construction. In this study, the applicability of the mortar using granulated paper sludge ash for aggregate (PS mortar) to precast lining form is examined. Firstly, the flowability and the strength of the PS mortar are examined and the curing performance of the PS mortar form is indirectly evaluated by measuring strength and air tightness of back filling concrete. Secondly, the drying shrinkage of the PS mortar is measured and its prediction equation is proposed. Finally, Practicality of the PS mortar to precast materials is evaluated by observing deformation and crack occurring of the precast PS mortar walls constructed tentatively in this study. From results of the above examinations, it is found that the PS mortar form has a high curing performance. However, the PS mortar may not be unconditionally utilized because its drying shrinkage strain is relatively large.
製紙スラッジ焼却灰造粒材料のコンクリート用骨材としての適用性評価
木下尚樹, 川口隆, 松尾暁, 安原英明
Journal of MMIJ 128 10/11 576 - 583 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 2012年09月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
There are many paper mills in the eastern area of Ehime Prefecture where the pulp and paper industry has been well developed. Paper sludge containing large amounts of water is generated during paper manufacturing processes. The paper sludge is incinerated to reduce its volume, and then the paper sludge ash is produced. The greater part of the paper sludge ash has been disposed to landfills and an effective utilization of the paper sludge ash has not been promoted. Due to environmental policy and regulations in Japan, it will become difficult to obtain supplies of river sand and sea-bed sand which have been used for concrete aggregate. On the other hand, demands for the effective utilization of industrial wastes for construction materials that are typically made of natural resources will rise in future. From this background, the authors propose an effective utilization of granulated paper sludge ash produced from the paper mills as concrete aggregate.
In this study, the applicability of granulated materials made of the paper sludge ash to concrete aggregate is evaluated by carrying out the following experiments. Firstly, the physical and chemical properties of the paper sludge ash are evaluated and a mixture proportion of the granulated paper sludge ash is examined through its strength measured by point load tests. Secondly, Particle size distribution, density, water absorption rate, and solid content of the granulated paper sludge ash are evaluated from the view point of concrete aggregate. Finally, durability, mechanical and physical properties of concretes mixed with the granulated paper sludge ash used as proxy of sand aggregate are also evaluated. From results of the above experiments, it is found that the concrete using the granulated paper sludge ash is lighter, and its water absorption is much higher than those of ordinary concretes. The strength can satisfy the requisite for design standards of reinforced concretes. The drying shrinkage strain is larger and the air tightness is lower than those of ordinary concretes.
温度・pHを制御したフロースルー溶解試験による花崗岩溶解速度定数式の提案とその妥当性の検討
安原英明, 橋本克樹, 木下尚樹
Journal of MMIJ 128 2 79 - 85 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 2012年01月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
When considering a geological isolation of high level radioactive wastes, the evolutions of the mechanical, hydraulic, and transport properties of the targeted rocks should be evaluated in advance because those may be degraded by the coupled thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical effects induced by the emplacement of the wastes. Chemical reactions such as mineral dissolution and precipitation that is dependent on temperature and pH conditions, may be one of the key issues that may trigger off the degradation. Therefore, the dissolution mechanism of the targeted rocks should be thoroughly examined under various temperature and pH conditions.
In this work, a suit of flow-through experiments in granite has been conducted at temperatures of 30, 50, and 70°C, and at pHs of 6, 9, and13, to examine the granite dissolution behavior. An apparent dissolution rate equation of the granite is defined under arbitrary temperature and pH conditions. The acquired dissolution rates are compatible to those evaluated in the literature. Utilizing the dissolution rates, the evolution of the element concentrations measured in the permeability experiments on the granite fracture is replicated. The predicted concentrations follow the experimental measurements both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although showing in a good agreement with the experimental measurements, the predictions slightly underestimate the actual. This is attributed likely to the unaccounted effects of mineral dissolution at the contacting asperities, indicating that a more sophisticated dissolution equation should be achieved by considering such a dissolution mechanism.
熱・拘束圧環境下における不連続面を有する花崗岩の透水性評価
木下尚樹, 安原英明
Journal of MMIJ 128 2 72 - 78 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 2012年01月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
From the viewpoints of multiple-utilization of land, environmental safeguards, energy conservation, etc, a temporary storage of hot water in openings excavated in rock may be worthwhile. In this case, the rock mass around the openings will respond by coupled thermo-mechanical effects induced by the hot water.
In this study, flow-through experiments on a single fracture in granite has been carried out under confining pressures of 5-10 MPa, and at temperatures of 20-90°C. The fracture aperture and the permeability monotonically decreased with time at room temperature, and reached a quasi-steady state. Then, after the temperature was raised to 90°C, the aperture decreased again throughout the rest of the experiments. Fluid samples were taken from the outlet to examine the elemental concentrations that were evaluated by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) . The elemental concentrations increased with increase of temperature. After the flow-through experiments, the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) . The formation of a few kinds of precipitated minerals such as silica and calcite was revealed. The precipitation was limited to quite local and small areas. However, the precipitated minerals seemed to have had some influences on the permeability.
Numerical and analytical investigation towards performance enhancement of a newly developed rockfall protective cable-net structure
S. Dhakal, N. P. Bhandary, R. Yatabe, N. Kinoshita
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 12 4 1135 - 1149 2012年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
In a previous companion paper, we presented a three-tier modelling of a particular type of rockfall protective cable-net structure (barrier), developed newly in Japan. Therein, we developed a three-dimensional, Finite Element based, nonlinear numerical model having been calibrated/back-calculated and verified with the element- and structure-level physical tests. Moreover, using a very simple, lumped-mass, single-degree-of-freedom, equivalently linear analytical model, a global-displacement-predictive correlation was devised by modifying the basic equation - obtained by combining the principles of conservation of linear momentum and energy - based on the back-analysis of the tests on the numerical model. In this paper, we use the developed models to explore the performance enhancement potential of the structure in terms of (a) the control of global displacement - possibly the major performance criterion for the proposed structure owing to a narrow space available in the targeted site, and (b) the increase in energy dissipation by the existing U-bolt-type Friction-brake Devices - which are identified to have performed weakly when integrated into the structure. A set of parametric investigations have revealed correlations to achieve the first objective in terms of the structure's mass, particularly by manipulating the wire-net's characteristics, and has additionally disclosed the effects of the impacting-block's parameters. Towards achieving the second objective, another set of parametric investigations have led to a proposal of a few innovative improvements in the constitutive behaviour (model) of the studied brake device (dissipator), in addition to an important recommendation of careful handling of the device based on the identified potential flaw.
Temporal alteration of fracture permeability in granite under hydrothermal conditions and its interpretation by coupled chemo-mechanical model
Hide Yasuhara, Naoki Kinoshita, Hiroaki Ohfuji, Dae Sung Lee, Shinichiro Nakashima, Kiyoshi Kishida
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY 26 12 2074 - 2088 2011年12月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Examining the evolution of fracture permeability under stressed and temperature-elevated conditions, a series of flow-through experiments on a single rock fracture in granite has been conducted under confining pressures of 5 and 10 MPa, under differential water pressures ranging from 0.04 to 0.5 MPa, and at temperatures of 20-90 degrees C, for several hundred hours in each experiment. Measurements of fluid and dissolved mass fluxes, and post-experimental microscopy, were conducted to constrain the progress of mineral dissolution and/or precipitation and to examine its effect on transport properties. Generally, the fracture aperture monotonically decreased with time at room temperature, and reached a steady state in relatively short periods (i.e., <400 h). However, once the temperature was elevated to 90 degrees C, the aperture resumed decreasing and kept decreasing throughout the rest of the experimental periods. This reduction may result from the removal of the mineral mass from the bridging asperities within the fracture. Post-experimental observations by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), revealed the formation of several kinds of secondary minerals such as silica and calcite. However, the precipitated minerals seemed to have had little influence on the flow characteristics within the fracture, because the precipitation was limited to quite local and small areas. The evolving rates and ultimate magnitudes of the fracture aperture are likely to be controlled by the stress exerted over the contacting asperities and temperatures, and by the prescribed flow conditions. Thus, this complex behavior should be attributed to the coupled chemically-and mechanically-induced effect. A coupled chemo-mechano conceptual model, accounting for pressure and free-face dissolutions, is presented in this paper to follow the evolution of the fracture permeability observed in the flow-through experiments. This model addresses the two dissolution processes at the contacting asperities and the free walls within the fractures, and is also capable of describing multi-mineral dissolution behavior. The model shows that the evolution of a fracture aperture (or related permeability) and of element concentrations may be followed with time under arbitrary temperature and pressure conditions. The model predictions for the evolving fracture aperture and elements concentrations show a relatively good agreement with the experimental measurements, although it is not possible to replicate the abrupt reduction observed in the early periods of the experiments, which is likely to be due to an unaccounted mechanism of more stress-mediated fracture compaction driven by the fracturing of the propping asperities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermally Induced Behavior of the Openings in Rock Mass Affected by High Temperatures
Naoki Kinoshita, Hide Yasuhara
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS 11 2 124 - 130 2011年04月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The temporary storage of hot water in openings excavated in rock may be worthwhile for multiple land-use applications, environmental safeguards, and energy conservation. When used for hot water storage, the rock mass around the openings will respond by coupled thermomechanical effects induced by the hot water. In this study, a submergence test of granite and sandstone at 20 and 95 degrees C was used to examine the thermal behavior of the rock mass around the openings to obtain the mechanical properties of uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus. A uniaxial compression creep test of the rock at high temperatures was also performed and calculations with various constants for the creep were examined. With the results obtained in this work, the temperature and stress distribution around the openings when hot water is stored was analyzed by considering the creep properties. The thermal behavior and stability of the openings were also examined. The displacement of the openings was predicted to be approximately 2% of the diameter after 1,000 days. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Experimental, numerical and analytical modelling of a newly developed rockfall protective cable-net structure
S. Dhakal, N. P. Bhandary, R. Yatabe, N. Kinoshita
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 11 12 3197 - 3212 2011年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
An innovative configuration of pocket-type rockfall protective cable-net structure, known as Long-span Pocket-type Rock-net (LPR), has been developed in Japan. The global performance of the proposed system was initially checked by the experimental (full-scale) modelling. Given the various limitations of the physical experiments, particularly for the parametric study to have a detailed understanding of the newly developed system, a reliable and simplified method of numerical modelling is felt necessary. Again, given the sophistication involved with the method of numerical simulation, a yet simplified modelling approach may prove more effective. On top of this background, this paper presents a three-tier modelling of a design of LPR. After physical modelling, which has revealed that the displacement response may be taken more vital for LPR performance, Finite Element based numerical modelling is presented. The programme LS-DYNA is used and the models are calibrated and verified with the element-and structure-level experiments. Finally, a simple analytical modelling consisting of the equivalently linear and elastic, lumped-mass, single-degree-of-freedom system, capable of predicting the global displacement response, is proposed based on the basic principles of conservation of linear momentum and energy. The model is back-calculated and modified from the analyses of the verified numerical model.
力学‐化学連成概念モデルによる花崗岩不連続面の透水・物質輸送経時解析
安原 英明, 木下 尚樹, LEE Dae Sung, 中島 伸一郎, 岸田 潔
土木学会土木学会論文集C 64 1 41 - 52 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2009年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
放射性廃棄物や二酸化炭素等のエネルギー生成後の副産物を深地層下の岩盤内に隔離し，長期に渡りその性能を保証するためには，対象となる岩盤の水理学特性を詳細に把握することが必要不可欠である．特に，低透水性岩石を有する不連続性岩盤では，流体の流れは不連続面で支配的となるため，不連続面内の流体の流動特性を時間的かつ空間的に把握することは非常に重要となる．本研究では，作用応力・温度に依存する鉱物の溶解現象を記述するモデルを用いて，花崗岩不連続面の透水性の経時変化を定量的に評価した．また，拘束圧・温度を制御した花崗岩不連続面の透水試験結果と比較することにより，モデルの妥当性を検討した．
鉱山残壁の崩壊事例の調査と安定性の検討
吉田 秀典, 木下 尚樹, 大野 雅之
土木学会論文集Ｃ 64 1 57 - 66 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2008年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
露天掘り鉱山において，安定的な残壁を形成しつつ採掘を進めることは，鉱山労働者に対する危害の防止や景観保護等の観点から重要な課題となっている．しかしながら，残壁崩壊事例が以前より現在に至るまで多数報告されており，四国管内においても平成16年4件，平成17年1件，平成18年2件の残壁崩壊事故が発生している．このため，中国四国産業保安監督部四国支部では平成17年度および18年度に中国四国地方鉱山保安協議会四国部会に専門委員会を設置し，今後の残壁崩壊を防止するための対策に資するために，管内の露天堀鉱山における残壁の状況について取りまとめを行うとともに，これまでに発生した残壁崩壊事例の調査を行い，崩壊要因，前兆，対策などについて整理・検討を行った．
温度・応力に依存する化学溶解・沈殿現象を考慮した珪質岩石の透水性経時評価
安原 英明, 木下 尚樹, 操上 広志, 中島 伸一郎, 岸田 潔
土木学会論文集Ｃ 63 4 1091 - 1100 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 2007年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
高レベル放射性廃棄物処分坑道近傍では，廃棄体からの発熱により化学作用が活発化し，岩盤の力学 · 水理学特性に大きな影響を及ぼすことが考えられる．本論文では，圧力溶解現象を考慮した概念モデルを用いて，熱 · 水 · 応力下における化学作用を定量化し，珪質岩石の透水性評価を行った．特に，珪質岩石の構成主鉱物である石英，クリストバライト，アモルファスシリカの溶解 · 沈殿特性に着目し，深地層下における圧力，廃棄体からの発熱作用を考慮し，透水特性の変化を定量的に評価した．その結果，90 °Cの温度条件下で時間と共に透水性が低下する傾向が得られた．また，クリストバライト，アモルファスシリカを多く有する珪質岩石は，石英系岩石よりも透水性の変化がより顕著となることが確認された．
高温が岩石の強度・変形特性，熱物性，クリープ特性に及ぼす影響
木下 尚樹, 稲田 善紀
日本材料学会材料 55 5 489 - 494 2006年05月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The authors have proposed and discussed temporary storage of heated water in openings excavated in rock moun-tain from the viewpoints of multiple-utilization of land, environmental safeguards, energy conservation, etc. When used for heated-water storage, the rock mass around the openings will receive the effects of the heated water. In this study, for obtaining physical properties used for analysis of thermal behavior of rock mass around openings, the effect of the difference between Wet (the water-retaining condition) and Dry and physical properties on strength, deformation characteristics and thermal properties at high temperatures were examined using 5 kinds of rock (granite, andesite, sandstone, tuff and mudstone). In addition, a uniaxial compression creep test at high temperatures of the rock was also carried out, then compared with the creep property at room temperature. The calculation of various constants on the creep was tried using Burgers model. In outline, the results show the strength of Wet rock is smaller than that of Dry, and strength lowers with the rise in the temperature, the lowering proportion being larger in Wet. The elastic modulus of tuff and mudstone are smaller than those of granite, andesite and sandstone. In particular, the lowering proportion at high temperatures is also large in Wet. Thermal property can be considered almost constant for practical use, and the effect of the temperature is small. As the difference of Dry and Wet is large, it seems that the effect of pore water is large. Especially, the tendency is remarkable in tuff and mudstone in which porosity is large. Temperature influences the uniaxial compression creep property of rock.
スライド式油圧岩盤破砕機の加圧板および空孔が破砕に及ぼす影響
稲田 善紀, 木下 尚樹, 川口 隆, 山内 秀基, 渡辺 広明
土木学会論文集 = Proceedings of JSCE 771 147 - 156 公益社団法人 土木学会 2004年09月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
岩盤の静的破砕工法の一つとして加圧孔に4方向同時に加圧することで希望する破砕方向に方向制御できるピストン式油圧岩盤破砕機を試作し, 効率的な岩盤破砕を行うための実験および理論解析を行い検討した結果については既に報告した. 今回はさらに機構の異なるスライド式油圧岩盤破砕機を試作し, 室内および現場実験, 理論解析を行い, 空孔および加圧板の面積が岩盤破砕に及ぼす影響について検討した. その結果, ピストン式油圧岩盤破砕機と同様にスライド式岩盤破砕機においても空孔が破砕に要する力の低減に効果があることがわかった. また, スライド式油圧岩盤破砕機において加圧孔に対する加圧板の面積を大きくすることによって破砕に要する力および仕事量が軽減されることなどがわかった.
高温・低温の温度履歴を受ける岩盤空洞の熱的挙動
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹
日本材料学会材料 51 3 333 - 337 社団法人日本材料学会 2002年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
When high and low temperature materials, such as heated water, LNG, LPG and frozen food etc. actually are stored temporally in openings excavated in rock mountain, as the quantity of these changes continually, the rock mass around openings will receive the effects of thermal hysteresis of high and low temperatures. Therefore, obtaining the strength and deformation characteristics of rocks after receiving thermal hysteresis becomes important for discussing the stability of the openings. In this study, these characteristics of rocks were examined. From the results of the tests, it was found that strength and deformation characteristics of rocks decrease with the increasing amount of thermal hysteresis. However, the ratio of the decrease also decreases. From these facts, it is supposed that the strength and deformation characteristics of rocks will converge to a constant value. Then using the results of the tests, thermal behavior of rock mass around openings were analyzed and discussed.
低温・高温の影響を受ける造景岩(人造岩)の強度・変形特性および熱物性
稲田 善紀, 木下 尚樹, 高橋 治郎, 中戸 和正, 戸梶 章, 新村 亮
資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan 116 1 13 - 18 一般社団法人 資源・素材学会 2000年01月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Artificial rocks have been often used in aquariums, zoos, botanical gardens and parks etc. However, recently, opportunity to use the artificial rocks on surfaces of various structures is increasing. This probably comes from the reason that using the artificial rocks is effective from a view point of balancing with environment, so demand of them is expected to increase in near future. To meet the demand, it is desired to clarify strength, deformability and thermal properties of artificial rocks. In this study, these properties for two types of artificial rocks at high and low temperatures and effects if thermal hysteresis on them were examined. The results indicated that the artificial rocks are able to be used on the surfaces on structures exposed to temperature change in wide variety of natural environment.
岩石力学 高温・低温の温度履歴を受けた花こう岩および凝灰岩の強度・変形特性について
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹
材料 48 4 334 - 340 1999年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
The authors have been proposed and discussed temporary storage of high and low temperature materials in openings excavated in rock mountain. Here, high temperature materials means such as heated water which is produced by surplus heat from garbage burning plants, while low temperature materials means such as LNG, LPG, frozen food etc. In this case, as the storage quantity of heated water, LNG and LPG will change with these use continually, rock masses around openings to store these materials will receive effects of thermal hysteresis of high and low temperatures. Therefore, obtaining the strength and deformation characteristics of rock affected by the thermal hysteresis becomes important for discussing the stability of the openings. In this study, strength and deformation characteristics of granite and tuff were examined after undergoing thermal hysteresis of high and low temperatures. From the results, it was found that the decreasing ratio of strength and deformation of rocks decrease with the increasing number of thermal hysteresis, and it is supposed that the value will converge to a constant value.
熱水の地山岩盤内貯蔵における一二の問題点と対策
稲田 善紀, 木下 尚樹, 松嶋 信行
土木学会論文集 610 57 - 67 Japan Society of Civil Engineers 1998年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
ゴミ焼却等で発生する廃熱を利用して水を熱水に変え, 多目的に利用する場合, 季節や一日の時間帯による熱水の使用量の変動に関係なく, 安定供給するための一時的な貯蔵施設が必要となる. 土地の立体的有効利用や環境保全等の観点から, 地山岩盤内に空洞を設けて貯蔵することを想定した場合, 空洞周辺岩盤に発生する熱応力や, 空洞からの熱水の漏出が問題となる. 本研究では, 熱応力軽減対策として空洞表面に種々の断熱材を施すことを想定し, 空洞周辺の温度分布および応力分布を求め, 熱応力軽減に有効な手段となることを示した. また, 熱水の漏出防止対策として, 種々の高分子系材料を空洞表面にライニングした場合について検討し, 漏出防止対策に有効な手段となることを示した.
Strength and deformation characteristics of rocks after undergoing thermal hysteresis of high and low temperatures
Y. Inada, N. Kinoshita, A. Ebisawa, S. Gomi
International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences & geomechanics abstracts 34 3-4 688 - 594 1997年04月 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
Strength and deformation characteristics of rock which has low porosity and high porosity were examined after undergoing thermal hysteresis of high and low temperatures using a thermal cycle apparatus. From the results, it was found that temperature, the number of hysteresis and porosity, etc. were important factors which have an influence on strength and deformation characteristics.
低温の影響を受けた空洞周辺岩盤の熱的挙動に関する一二の知見
稲田 善紀, 木下 尚樹, 関 正造, 松尾 暁, 成行 惇, 越智 健三
土木学会論文集 1996 547 211 - 220 公益社団法人 土木学会 1996年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
地山岩盤内空洞に低温物質を貯蔵した場合, 空隙率の小さい花崗岩や砂岩岩盤では熱収縮による亀裂が空洞周辺に放射状に発生し, 空隙率の大きい凝灰岩岩盤の場合には間隙水の氷結膨張の影響を受け, 花崗岩の場合とは挙動が異なることを報告してきた. 本研究ではさらに空隙率の大きい泥岩を加え, 4種類の岩石について乾燥および湿潤状態での低温下における強度・変形特性および熱物性値を実験により求めた結果, 空隙率の大きい岩石では間隙水の影響を大きく受けることがわかった. 次にこれらの値の差異が低温物質貯蔵時の空洞周辺岩盤の熱的挙動に及ぼす影響について解析および実験により比較検討した結果, 花崗岩や砂岩の岩盤と凝灰岩や泥岩の岩盤とでは熱的挙動が異なることがわかった.
Problems related to low temperature materials storage in underground openings
Yoshinori INADA, Naoki KINOSHITA
Felsbau 14 6 347 - 351 1996年 [査読有り][招待有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
熱水貯蔵時の空洞の安定性と漏水に関する基礎的研究
稲田 善紀, 木下 尚樹, 中崎 英彦, 上田 貴夫
土木学会論文集 1990 424 227 - 234 公益社団法人 土木学会 1990年 [査読有り]
研究論文（学術雑誌）
For the purpose of improving the quality of life and saving enagy, heated water produced by using surplus heat from garbage-burning plant etc., will be utilized well in the near future for many purposes. To insure a stable supply, temporary storage in rock mass openings in mountain may become an important problem. In this study, stability and leakage of openings were estimated by analysis using the physical properties of rock which were obtained by experiment.
書籍等出版物
落石対策工の設計法と計算例
落石対策施工の設計法と計算例編集委員会, 地盤工学会 (担当:分担執筆)
地盤工学会 2014年12月 ISBN: 9784886440976
熱環境下の地下岩盤施設の開発をめざして‐熱物性と解析‐
土木学会岩盤力学委員会岩盤の熱環境に関する研究小委員会 (担当:分担執筆)
土木学会 2006年 ISBN: 4810605272
残壁ハンドブック
資源素材学会
資源・素材学会 2005年 ISBN: 4896301668

xuch as LNG, LPG and frozen food in openings excavated in rock mountains. In this case, as the rock mass around the openings will receive thermal hysteresis of low temperatures, it is necessary to obtain strength and deformation characteristics of rocks undergoing thermal hysteresis of low temperatures to consider the thermal behavior of rock mass around openings and the stability of openings. In this study, strength and deformation characteristics of some types of rocks were examined after undergoing thermal hysteresis of low temperatures. Using the results of the experiments, temperature and stress distribution around openings were analyzed. From the results of analysis, it was found that in the case of undergoing thermal hysteresis, crack length and freezing zone are about same as in the case of not undergoing thermal hysteresis.
低温下および高温下における造景岩の強度・変形特性および熱物性に関する研究
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 中戸和正 愛媛大学工学部紀要 17 179 -188 1998年02月
高温の温度履歴を受ける岩盤内空洞の問題点と対策に関する研究
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 松嶋信行 愛媛大学工学部紀要 17 169 -178 1998年02月
高温および低温の影響を受ける空洞周辺岩盤の熱的挙動
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 上田貴夫, 甲村雄一, 松本喬 第10回岩の力学国内シンポジウム講演論文集 593 -598 1998年
高温の温度履歴を受ける岩盤内空洞に関する一二の考察
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 松嶋信行, 成行惇 地下空間シンポジウム論文・報告集 3 139 -148 1998年01月
岩盤破砕時の空孔の効果に関する一考察
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 野原浩一 愛媛大学工学部紀要 16 245 -254 1997年02月
高温の温度履歴を受けた岩石の強度・変形特性
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 山田公雄 土木学会 岩盤力学委員会第28回岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム講演論文集 204 -208 1997年
Countermeasures for some problems related to underground storage of low temperature materials
Y Inada, N Kinoshita, T Nishioka, K Ochi COMPUTER METHODS AND ADVANCES IN GEOMECHANICS, VOL 2 2 1449 -1454 1997年
The authors propose a "resin lining system" as a countermeasure for preventing leakage of gas and liquid in case of low temperature materials storage in openings excavated in rock mountain. On the other hand, to reduce thermal stress around the openings, the authors propose to use adiabatical materials. Then, a "combination lining system of resin and adiabatical material" are also proposed as a countermeasure for preventing leakage of gas and liquid from openings and reduction of thermal stress at the same time.
A few remarks on underground openings affected by heated water
Yoshinori INADA, Naoki KINOSHITA, Nobuyuki MATSUSHIMA, Takashi KAWAGUCHI Proceeding of China-Japan Joint Symposium on Development of Theory & Practice in Geotechnology 347 -352 1997年
Effect of thermal hysteresis on rock mass around openings for storage of low temperature materials
Y Inada, N Kinoshita, T Shimogochi, Y Kohmura, T Matsuo ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY CONCERNS IN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION, VOLS, 1 AND 2 61 -66 1997年
When low temperature materials such as LNG, LPG and frozen food, actually are stored in openings excavated in rock mountain, as the quantity of LNG and LPG change continually, the rock mass around openings will receive the effects of thermal hysteresis of low temperatures. Therefore, obtaining the strength and deformation characteristics of rocks after undergoing thermal hysteresis of low temperatures becomes important for discussing the stability of the openings. In this study, strength and deformation characteristics of rocks which had undergone thermal hysteresis of low temperatures were investigated. Using these values, stress distribution around openings were analyzed theoretically, and the affect of thermal hysteresis of low temperatures on cracks and the cracked zone around openings are discussed. Then, countermeasures for preventing leakage of gas and liquid from openings and reduction of thermal stress around openings are also discussed.
Affect of thermal hysteresis on rock mass around openings for storage of heated water
Y Inada, N Kinoshita, T Ueda, K Yamada ROCK STRESS 521 -526 1997年
The authors have proposed temporary storage of heated water in openings excavated in rock mountain. In this case, the rock mass around openings will receive the effects of thermal hysteresis of high temperatures. In this study, strength and deformation characteristics of rocks were examined at high temperatures and after undergoing thermal hysteresis of high temperatures by using a thermal cycle apparatus. From the results, it was found that temperature, number of cycles and porosity etc, were the most important factors which have an influence on strength and deformation characteristics. Using these values, stress distribution around openings was analyzed theoretically, and the affect of thermal hysteresis of high temperatures on rock mass around openings for storage of heated water was discussed.
低温の影響を受ける岩盤内空洞の問題点と対策
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 西岡哲, 越智健三 地下空間シンポジウム論文・報告集 2 145 -152 1997年01月
高温の影響を受ける空洞周辺岩盤の熱応力軽減および熱水の保温性について
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 上田貴夫, 菊地慎二 岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム講演論文集 27th 11 -15 1996年02月
低温物質貯蔵時の空洞周辺岩盤の熱的挙動
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 関正造, 松尾暁 愛媛大学工学部紀要 15 217 -226 1996年02月
高温および低温の影響を受ける岩盤空洞への断熱材の適用について
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹 愛媛大学工学部紀要 15 227 -236 1996年02月
Effect of adabatical material on thermal stress reduction around openings due to heated water storage
Y. Inada, N. Kinoshita, T. Ueda, K. Ochi Proc. of The Korea-Japan Joint Symp. on Rock Eng. 101 -107 1996年
低温物質貯蔵時の空洞周辺岩盤の挙動および熱応力軽減対策について
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 関正造 地下空間シンポジウム論文・報告集 1 125 -132 1995年12月
岩盤破砕機を用いた施工に関する一考察
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 上原健, 川口隆 愛媛大学工学部紀要 14 153 -163 1995年02月
Thermal behavior of rock mass around openings affected by low temperature
Y Inada, N Kinoshita, S Seki INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ROCK MECHANICS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 721 -724 1995年
断熱材を用いた場合の空洞周辺岩盤の熱応力軽減に関する一考察
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 関正造, 菊池慎二 岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム講演論文集 26th 71 -75 1995年01月
油圧式岩盤破砕機の破砕効果について
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 上原健, 新田稔, 武石文暢 西日本岩盤工学研究会第15回西日本岩盤工学シンポジウム論文集 150 -155 1994年
STORAGE OF HEATED WATER IN OPENINGS EXCAVATED IN ROCK MASS IN MOUNTAIN
Y INADA, N KINOSHITA, H NAKASAKI, T UEDA COMPUTER METHODS AND ADVANCES IN GEOMECHANICS, VOL 2 1559 -1564 1991年
熱水貯蔵時の空洞周辺岩盤の透水性
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹 愛媛大学工学部紀要 12 (1) 243 -251 1990年02月
HEATED WATER STORAGE IN UNDERGROUND OPENINGS
Y INADA, N KINOSHITA, H NAKAZAKI, T UEDA PROCEEDINGS - SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS : INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, VOL 4 2745 -2750 1990年
熱水の岩盤内多設空洞貯蔵
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 中崎英彦, 上田貴夫 地下空間利用シンポジウム 1989 77 -82 1989年11月
高温・高圧および異方性が岩石の透水性に及ぼす影響
稲田善紀, 木下尚樹, 中崎英彦, 上田貴夫 西日本岩盤工学研究会第10回西日本岩盤工学シンポジウム論文集 32 -39 1989年

講演その他
2019, 後期, 学部, 知的財産入門
2019, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2019, 後期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2019, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2019, 後期, 学部, リサイクル工学
2019, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2019, 前期, 学部, 新入生セミナーA
2019, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2019, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
2019, 前期, 学部, リサイクル工学
2018, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2018, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2018, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2018, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2018, 前期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2018, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
2017, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2017, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2017, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2017, 前期, 学部, 新入生セミナーB
2017, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2017, 前期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2017, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
受賞
2020年05月 岩の力学連合会 2019年度岩の力学連合会論文賞
Modeling of coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical processes for predicting the evolution in permeability and reactive transport behavior within single rock fractures
受賞者: 緒方 奨;木下 尚樹;安原 英明;岸田 潔
2020年05月 土木学会四国支部 令和元年度 研究・論文賞
岩石の透過率測定を目的としたトランジェントパルス試験装置の開発 JPN others
受賞者: 住本幸哉;安原英明;木下尚樹
2019年07月 The scientific committee of The Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation Paper Award

受賞者: NAOKI KINOSHITA
2018年09月 The 6th Indonesia International Geothermal Convention and Exhibition (IIGCE) 2018 Best Poster of Technical Program
IDN international_society
受賞者: Naoki Kinoshtia
2018年06月 日本技術士会四国本部 本部長表彰

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2018年05月 土木学会四国支部 平成29年度研究・論文賞

受賞者: 木下 尚樹;安原 英明;廣惠 なつ美
2017年08月 愛媛大学工学部 教育貢献賞

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2016年06月 岩の力学連合会 平成27年度岩の力学連合会論文賞

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2016年05月 土木学会四国支部 平成27年度研究・論文賞（2件受賞）

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2016年01月 土木学会岩盤力学委員会 第44回岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム 優秀ポスター賞

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2015年05月 土木学会四国支部 平成26年度研究・論文賞

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2015年04月 地盤工学会四国支部 四国支部賞（研究・論文賞）

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2013年05月 土木学会四国支部 平成24年度研究・論文賞（2件受賞）

受賞者: 木下 尚樹
2009年 平成20年度岩の力学連合会論文賞
JPN
2009年 土木学会第38回岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム 優秀ポスター賞
JPN
2007年 土木学会第36回岩盤力学に関するシンポジウム 優秀講演論文賞
JPN
免許資格
1994, 02, 15, 1級土木施工管理技士
2003, 12, 24, 測量士
2010, 03, 19, 技術士（建設部門）
担当授業科目
2019, 後期, 学部, 知的財産入門
2019, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2019, 後期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2019, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2019, 後期, 学部, リサイクル工学
2019, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2019, 前期, 学部, 新入生セミナーA
2019, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2019, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
2019, 前期, 学部, リサイクル工学
2018, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2018, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2018, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2018, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2018, 前期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2018, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
2017, 後期, 学部, 科学技術リテラシー入門
2017, 後期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅱ及び同演習
2017, 後期, 学部, 都市の環境問題
2017, 前期, 学部, 新入生セミナーB
2017, 前期, 学部, 土質力学Ⅰ及び同演習
2017, 前期, 学部, 環境建設工学実験Ⅰ
2017, 前期, 学部, 橋梁工学演習
その他
共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題
岩盤の熱・水・応力・化学連成数値シミュレータの開発と地層処分技術への実装
日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
研究期間 : 2019年04月 -2023年03月
代表者 : 安原 英明, 岸田 潔, 木下 尚樹, 青柳 和平
天然ガスハイドレート備蓄における岩盤タンクの低温下挙動評価技術の確立
日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
研究期間 : 2019年04月 -2022年03月
代表者 : 木下 尚樹
熱環境下における岩石フラクチャーの透水・力学特性変化メカニズムの解明
文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
研究期間 : 2012年 -2014年
代表者 : 木下 尚樹

熱水貯蔵システムや高レベル放射線廃棄物の地層処分では地下岩盤空洞の長期性能評価が重要な課題となる．これらの空洞では周辺岩盤に非定常の温度分布が生じ，熱応力も発生する．結晶質性の硬岩では不連続面が水理学・力学的な弱面になるため，これらの透水・力学挙動を把握することは重要な課題の一つである．研究代表者は高温・高圧下における結晶質岩不連続面の透水挙動を定量的に評価し，鉱物の溶解作用が透水性に及ぼす影響を明らかにした．本研究では，これらの成果をさらに発展させ，不連続面への力学作用が透水挙動や鉱物溶解作用に及ぼす影響について定量的に評価し，透水・力学特性変化メカニズムの解明を行う．具体的には，不連続面の透水特性変化に及ぼす力学的作用の定量評価は十分ではないことから，不溶解性流体を用いた鉱物溶解現象のない透水実験による力学的作用の影響を定量的に評価する．また，不連続面垂直方向への持続載荷実験（クリープ実験）により不連続面の開口幅変化を把握し，力学的作用の定量評価を行う．つぎに，現有の岩石せん断実験装置に透水機能を持たせ実験を行い，不連続面に平行方向のせん断応力が透水・力学特性変化に及ぼす影響について評価する．さらに，高温・高圧環境下での透水・せん断履歴を受けた不連続面表面の微視構造観察を行い，透水・力学特性変化に影響を及ぼす要因を探索する．これらの結果により，熱環境下における岩石フラクチャーの透水・力学特性変化メカニズムを解明する．平成25年度は，（1）不連続面垂直方向への持続載荷実験（クリープ実験）による力学的作用の定量評価，（2）熱環境状態を保持した不連続面のせん断・透水特性の経時変化を実験により定量評価した．
温度圧力環境下における結晶質岩不連続面の透水性経時変化のメカニズム解明
文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年
代表者 : 木下 尚樹, 安原 英明

本研究では,温度・拘束圧を制御し,結晶質岩である花崗岩不連続面の透水実験を実施し,透水特性の経時変化に及ぼす影響を定量評価した.特に透過水のpH(鉱物溶解条件)および不連続面形状が及ぼす影響について検討した.また,透過水への溶出物質の定量分析,不連続面のSEM観察, EDX分析により不連続面の微視構造の変化を把握し,メカニズムを考察した.
高温の温度履歴を受ける岩石の力学特性に関する基礎的研究
文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
研究期間 : 2000年 -2001年
代表者 : 木下 尚樹

1.高圧下で温度履歴を受けた岩石の力学特性高温高圧三軸セルを用いて岩石試料に温度履歴を与えた.パラメータは拘束圧,履歴回数,含水状態とした.その後,雰囲気温度をパラメータとして強度試験を行った.その結果,岩石の含水状態に関わらず,拘束圧が大きい方が温度履歴の影響が小さいことがわかった.すなわち,履歴に伴い,強度・変形定数は小さくなる傾向があるが,低下の割合が小さくなる.2.温度履歴を受ける岩石のX線解析結果温度履歴を受けている状態での岩石のX線解析を行い,結晶構造など微視的立場より観察した.その結果温度上昇,温度降下に伴い,各構成鉱物粒子の結晶軸は膨張,収縮するが,温度履歴を受けて初期温度になった状態では残留ひずみは見られなかった.このことより,温度履歴により強度・変形定数が低下するのは,結晶軸の変化ではなく,鉱物粒子間あるいは鉱物粒子内部でも結晶同士の結合が弱い箇所に発生するマイクロクラックが原因であることが推察された.昨年度の成果である,マイクロクラックの状態観察と合わせて,温度履歴の影響のメカニズム解明に関する成果の一つと考えられる.昨年度および本年度の成果は以下のようである.岩石が高温の温度履歴を受けると各鉱物粒子の熱膨張・収縮量の違いにより,鉱物粒子内および粒子間にマイクロクラックが発生・拡大し,強度,弾性係数,ポアソン比などが低下するが,履歴温度の範囲が一定であればマイクロクラックの増加・拡大は一定量で収束し,そのため強度などはある値で収束するものと考えられる.また,斑状組織である安山岩や同一鉱物,同一粒径で構成される砂岩などは温度履歴の影響は受けにくい.比較的大きな数種類の鉱物結晶で構成される花崗岩や鉱物粒子の結合力の弱い凝灰岩は温度履歴の影響を比較的受ける.また,拘束圧の影響も大きい.温度履歴によって結晶単位では影響は受けにくい.
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